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Independence/Democracy (IND/DEM) was a Eurosceptic political group active during the 2004–2009 term of the European Parliament. The group collapsed following the 2009 European elections after losing many of its MEPs and was succeeded by Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD) for the 2009–2014 term of the European Parliament. ==History== The 2004 European Parliament elections were reported as a good result for Eurosceptic parties.〔(Eurosceptics storm the citadel ), BBC News Online report dated Monday, 14 June 2004, 18:01 GMT〕〔 〕 37 MEPs (33〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=20040720EN European Parliament website )〕 on 20 July, with four〔 more the next day) from the UK Independence Party (UKIP), June Movement (Denmark), Movement for France (France), Northern League (Italy), ChristianUnion – Reformed Political Party (Netherlands), Popular Orthodox Rally (Greece), June List (Sweden), Independent Democrats (Czech Republic), the League of Polish Families (Poland) and an Independent MEP from the Republic of Ireland, joined together in the first week of the new Parliament to form the Eurosceptic group called "Independence/Democracy" (IND/DEM), succeeding the group called "Europe of Democracies and Diversities" (EDD) that had existed during the European Parliament's 1999–2004 term. In the first week, IND/DEM assigned a UKIP MEP to the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality. The MEP, Godfrey Bloom, promptly made comments including "No self-respecting small businessman with a brain in the right place would ever employ a lady of child-bearing age" and "I am here to represent Yorkshire women who always have dinner on the table when you get home. I am going to promote men's rights." The remarks engendered outrage from a range of fellow politicians.〔(UKIP MEP in row over working women ), BBC News Online report dated Wednesday, 21 July 2004, 11:22 GMT〕 One UKIP MEP never made it to IND/DEM. MEP Ashley Mote was expelled from UKIP〔(UKIP plans alliance to scupper constitution, Times, July 20, 2004 )〕 prior to IND/DEM's formation〔(UKIP suspends fraud trial Euro MP ), BBC News Online report dated Friday, 16 July 2004, 11:47 GMT〕 when it became known that he faced charges for housing benefit fraud.〔 Mote went on to join the far-right Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty group before being convicted in 2007.〔(British MEP convicted for benefit fraud, Times, August 17, 2007 )〕 The Northern League MEPs eventually all left the group after their expulsion from IND/DEM following an incident involving a t-shirt and the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. MEPs from the League of Polish Families also left the group, although not all and not all at once.〔 After having been suspended from UKIP following his arrest on fraud allegations,〔(MEP arrested on fraud allegation ), BBC News Online report dated Saturday, 21 June 2008, 13:21 GMT〕 MEP Tom Wise left IND/DEM in June 2008. By 24 June 2008, IND/DEM had 22 MEPs.〔 After the 2009 European Parliament elections, 18 IND/DEM MEPs from four Member States were elected for the 2009–2014 term (the Seventh European Parliament). The great majority of these seats (thirteen) were from the UK Independence Party, with others being two from the ChristianUnion – Reformed Political Party of the Netherlands, two from the Popular Orthodox Rally of Greece, and one from Libertas France. But that didn't meet the threshold laid down in the European Parliament's Rules of Procedure.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament - July 2009 - Rule 30 - Formation of political groups )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament - March 2009 - Rule 29 - Formation of political groups )〕 So when the Seventh European Parliament started on 14 July 2009, IND/DEM would not qualify as a group. On 30 June 2009, it was reported the remnants of IND/DEM were to unite with the remnants of another collapsing group, Union for a Europe of Nations (UEN), to create a new group whose official name was not yet determined.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukip, Lega Nord form hard-right bloc in EU Parliament )〕 On 1 July 2009 a press conference was held launching the new group.〔〔〔("EU-Critical Group in European Parliament launches" ), 1 July 2009, from (http://indemgroup.eu )〕 That press conference named the new group ''Europe of Freedom and Democracy''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=New eurosceptic group to campaign against EU treaty in Irish referendum )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC NEWS - Europe - UKIP forms new Eurosceptic group )〕 IND/DEM had ceased to exist. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Independence/Democracy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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